雄性不育板栗种质杂交结实特性研究

Study on Pollinated Fruit-setting Characteristics of Male Sterility Germplasm in Chestnut

对板栗雄花败育种质及其授粉结实特性进行了研究,分析了不同父本对雄性不育种质结实的影响,探讨了以雄性不育种质为母本,不同父本杂交,板栗坚果性状方面的变异情况,以揭示板栗雄性不育种质的育种价值,奠定板栗雄性不育育种及其理论研究的生物学基础。结果表明:雄性不育种质具有较强的授粉结实能力,坐苞率和结实率均在90%以上,空苞率4%,每苞含坚果2.6粒,坚果高宽厚表现稳定,单粒重变异幅度稍大,变异系数达到16.10%;父本不同,雄性不育种质结实特性存在差异,"燕平"、"河北短丰"与雄性不育种质亲和力最强,结实率和空苞率分别为95.35%、74.78%和4.65%、2.61%;雄性不育种质具有较强的接收远缘花粉的能力,与"锥栗"杂交结实率达到44%,远高于"怀黄";杂交后代中,各组合间变异稳定,坚果平均单粒重8.50～9.50g,且坚果高度、宽度、厚度以及单粒重等性状在各杂交组合间的变异系数均在5%以下;各组合内部,坚果单粒重变异较大,变异系数为8.64%～16.10%,坚果厚度变异次之,坚果高度和宽度变异较小,最为稳定。

The pollination and fruiting characteristics of male sterility germplasm in Castanea mollissmmia were studied in this paper.Effects of male parent on the setting and variation of nut characteristic in hybrids were analyzed,in order to reveal the breeding values of male sterility in chestnut and establish the biological basis for breeding and theoretical research.The results showed that the pollination ability in male sterility germplasm was strong,fruitage rate and seed setting rate were over 90%,empty-bur rate was 4%and the nuts in the bur was 2.6;characters of height,width and thicken were stable,average nut weight had variation in some extent,the variation coefficient（CV）was 16.10%;Different male parent had different fruiting characteristics,compatibility between‘Yanping’,‘Hebeiduanfeng’and male sterility germplasm were stronger,the seed setting rate and empty-bur rate were 95.35%,74.78%and 4.65%,2.61%,respectively;compared with‘Huaihuang’,male sterility germplasm had stronger compatibility to accept distant pollen,the seed setting rate in distant crossing was 44%;characters between 5crossings were relatively stable,average nut weight varied from 8.5to 9.5g,and CV of 4characters were below 5%;but in every crossing,variation range among average nut weight was bigger,the CV was 8.64%～16.10%;other characters were stable.