中国珍稀濒危保护植物在江苏省的自然分布及其特点

The natural distribution and characteristics of the rare and endangered plants in Jiangsu, China

讨论了 17种中国珍稀濒危植物在江苏省的自然分布及其特点 ,它们分别为小叶银缕梅 (Par rotiasubaequalis)、宝华玉兰 (Magnoliazenii)、天目木兰 (Magnoliaameona)、秤锤树 (Sinojackiaxylo carpa)、明党参 (Changiumsmyrnioides)、珊瑚菜 (Glehnialittoralis)、独花兰 (Changnieniaamoena)、香果树 (Emmenopteryshenryi)、中华水韭 (Isotessinensis)、水蕨 (Ceratopteristhalictroides)、金钱松 (Pseudolar ixamabilis)、短穗竹 (Brachystachyumdensiflorum)、野大豆 (Glycinesoja)、琅琊榆 (Ulmuschenmoui)、青檀 (Pteroceltistatarinowii)、榉树 (Zelkovaschneideriana)、香樟 (Cinnamomumcamphora)。上述 17种植物隶属 13科 16属 ,所包含的分类群多样性程度高 ,且小叶银缕梅、香果树、秤锤树、金钱松等为系统位置孤立的单种属或寡种属。这些物种大多分布在苏南 ,人类生产活动引起的生境片断化、地处分布区北缘具有的边缘效应 ,加上人类的砍伐 ,使原生境遭到严重破坏 ,种群个体数量稀少 ,物种处于严重濒危状态。

Jiangsu Province is located along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the northern part of the subtropical zone. Its plain has been cultivated, and the hilly and mountainous land makes up 15% of the total area, and its great majority is widely brought under cultivation with artificial forests and woody economic crops such as Phyllostachys pubescens,Camellia sinensis,Castanea mollissima,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana,etc. Natural vegetation is formed by deciduous broad_leaved forest that contains evergreen broad_leaved elements, which can be found only in the ridge of some hills and the fringe of some gullies, and have been classified as a framentational distribution type. There are 17 species of rare and endangered plants in Jiangsu. Of them, Parrotia subaequalis, Magnolia zenii, Magnolia ameona, Pseudolarix amabilis, Changnienia amoena, Ulmus chenmoui, Glehnia littoralis and Cinnamomum camphora are distributed in sporadic area and have become rare. Sinojackia xylocarpa, Emmenopterys henryi, Isotes sinensis and Ceratopteris thalictroides were found in some areas, but seemed extinct in recent years. Because of over_utilization, the habitats of Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Zelkova schneideriana and Changium smyrnioides have been rapidly deteriorated. Brachystachyum densiflorum and Glycine soja have often been found in their suitable habitats. These species are classified into 16 genera of 13 families. Of them, the antique floristic elements—Parrotia, Changium, Sinojackia, Emmenopterys, Pseudolarix, Pteroceltis, Glehnia and Changnienia are monotypic genera or oligotypic genera with an isolated position in phylogenies. Most of the rare and endangered plants are distributed in the south of Jiangsu, while some of them, such as Emmenopterys henryi, Pseudolarix amabilis and Magnolia ameona, are located on the northern fringe of their distribution area. The habitat fragmentation caused by human activities, the edge_effects of their marginal distribution and human destruction have synthetically led to the degeneration of primary habitats, reduction of population sizes and endangerment of these species.