何以处困 唯有忠信——王阳明《龙场生问答》与韩愈《潮州刺史谢上表》比较

How to Survive from the Hard Situation,only to be Devoted and Faithful——Some Comparison on Wang Yangming's Answers to his Students at Longchang and Han Yu's Chaozhou Feudal Prefectural Governor's Table to Appreciat Emperor

同是因为进谏被贬,同是希望离开贬谪之地,王阳明《龙场生问答》与韩愈《潮州刺史谢上表》有着很多的不同,一是想离开的原因不同,韩愈是因为贬谪之地条件艰苦,王阳明是因为自己不能尽职;二是想离开的方法不同,韩愈是向皇帝陈情,王阳明是考问自己的内心;三是对忠的认识不同,王阳明认为对待皇帝应该以道相从,韩愈则不问是非。这三个不同背后有着一个根本的不同,即处困的态度不同,王阳明坚持以礼义忠信为处困之道,韩愈则不能做到这一点。

both Wang Yangming（ short for Wang）and Hanyu（ short for Han）gave suggestion to the Emperor and was ex- iled and they both hoped to leave the hard exiled place and wrote down a poem . Wang Yangming＇ s Answers to his Students at Longchang and Han Yu＇ s Chaozh Feudal Prefectural Governor＇ s Table to Appreciat emperor. However, the po- ems are of great difference. Firstly,the reason of their desire to leave the exiled is different;Han is for the very hard situ- ation at his exiled place,while Wang is for his ambition to devoted to the imperial court. Secondly,the methods are dif- ferent ;Han applied his petition to the emperor but Wang just asked and reflected from his inner mind . Thirdly, their understanding of the loyalty to emperor is different： Wang considered that loyalty should follow the principles while Han did not consider it. There is a fundamentally difference in this three difference, the attitude they both wanted leave the exiled place：Wang persisted the ceremony, righteousness,loyalty and integrity while Han could not insist them