列维纳斯:越向自由与伦理的美学

Levinas: turn to the aesthetics of freedom and ethic

现象学显然是列维纳斯哲学的真正起点,但他最终越出了现象学与存在论,并且确立了一种自由的"伦理学"。当然,列维纳斯的"伦理学"并不是要建立一种道德规则或伦理规范。毋宁说这一"伦理"指的是关切他者、关心自由的形而上学伦理。在一定意义上,列维纳斯的哲学是一种"自由"哲学。列维纳斯说,胡塞尔的"意向性"本身就是意识自由的实现。但正是从这里发现列维纳斯了问题,他认为他人会质疑我的自由,我对他人负有责任。由此,列维纳斯渐次展开了他的伦理形而上学;从而也开始了他的伦理性自由哲学之思。重要的是,这本身就是一种以审美方式看待世界的行为;或者说,它就是列维纳斯的美学。

Phenomenology was obviously Levinas＇ s starting point, but he finally transcended the phenomenology and existen-tialism, and established a free ＂ethics＂. Of course, Levinas＇ s ＂ethics＂ was not to establish a moral rules or ethics. Rather, the ＂ethical＂ was the metaphysical ethics which have refered to the Other and freedom. In a certain sense, Levinas＇ s philosophy was a kind of ＂free＂ philosophy. Levinas said, Husserl＇ s ＂intentionality＂ was the realization of freedom consciousness. But it was from here, he thought that others who would be called in question my freedom, I responsibled for the Other. So Levinas gradually launched his moral metaphysics, yet began his ethical philosophy of freedom. It was important that the behavior which was a kind of aesthetic way to see the world; or, it was Levinas＇ s aesthetic.