个人信息保护的价值困境与应对——以调和人格尊严与信息自由冲突为视角

On the Value Dilemma and Resolution of Personal Information Protection——In the view of conciliating the conflict between personal dignity and information freedom

人格尊严与信息自由构成了个人信息法律保护的价值维度。二者的价值冲突导致了它们在实证中的对峙,也使制度设计者在价值与利益取向上陷入困境。我国只能在确保人格尊严前提下兼顾信息自由,这是应用价值位阶与排序规则进行思辨后得出的结论,更是出于回应本国语境中的历史与现实问题之考虑。为此,立法者应遵循大陆法系以法权形式保护民事利益的传统进路创设个人信息权,将维护权利主体人格尊严的诉求明确具体地体现在成文法当中;同时裁判者宜按照实质正义的标尺,适当限权并有条件地承认行业自律规范的效力,从而给权利人和信息利用人留下意思自治的空间,鼓励他们通过合作博弈共同促进信息自由。

Personal information is the embodiment of personality dignity, thus the construction of personal information protection system is essential for the personality dignity protecting. However, the legislator is in awkward conditions as to value orientation faced with the conflict of personal dignity and information freedom. We should give priority to personality dignity protecting based on interests weighing in the historical and realistic context of China and value orientation considering the standards in the comparative law. Therefore it is essential for us to enact the personal information protection law. In the meantime, we should restrict the application of the law and make self- regulation rules to take an additional role.