中国鼠疫自然疫源地分型研究 Ⅷ．鼠疫自然疫源地分型生物学研究基础理念

Ecological-geographic landscapes of natural plague foci in China

鼠疫是典型的自然疫源性人畜共患病。鼠疫自然疫源地的划分是认识和防制鼠疫的基础性工作。鼠疫生物地理群落（鼠疫自然疫源地）由生态地理景观型、宿主、媒介、鼠疫菌基因组型四要素组成，并在长期进化过程中存在复杂的相互关系。人类活动是影响鼠疫自然疫源地的重要因素。本文基于先前发表的系列论文，整合对鼠疫自然疫源地各要素的研究成果，集中论述鼠疫自然疫源地划分和认识中的若干重要理念，为鼠疫和其他人畜共患病的防疫和监控提供理论创新。

Since plague is an important natural focus zoonosis, the typing of natural plague foci becomes one of the elements in understanding the nature and developing related prevention program of the disease. Natural foci of plague are composed by four ffmdamental parts which include Eco-geographicai landscape （natural plague loci） , hosts, vectors and pathogens （ Yersinia pestis） that comprehensively interact through the large temporal scale of evolution. Human activities have had great impact on the foci of natural plague. Based on the published serial research papers, we tried to integrate the knowledge of each factor in natural plague foci and focusing on theoretical aspects, so as to strengthen the prevention and surveillance programs of plague to be extrapolated to other zoonosis.