西方跨国公司逆向知识转移研究综述

Reverse Knowledge Transferring in Multinational Corporations:A Lterature Review

多年来,国际学术界对跨国公司技术转移研究的焦点是跨国母公司对子公司以及子公司对东道国企业的技术转移及其溢出效应。然而,伴随着世界经济一体化的发展,跨国公司越来越多地从国际化的视角,利用子公司的逆向知识转移,整合国际资源,增强竞争力。许多西方研究文献表明,跨国公司不仅仅是国际技术转移的输送方,也是东道国或者东道国子公司逆向知识转移的吸收方,即东道国或东道国子公司对跨国公司也存在逆向知识转移。本文综述了近年来国际上关于跨国公司逆向知识转移的研究文献,主要研究点有三个方面,即知识多样性下的知识逆向转移、各种逆向知识转移路径以及逆向知识转移对跨国公司的影响。最后,本文提出我国应适度地防止在华子公司向其母公司进行逆向知识转移,我国海外公司也应该有效地发挥海外子公司的逆向知识转移,以增强其竞争力。

In many years, lots of literatures focus on the role that multinational corporations＇ （MNES） pay more attention on transferring knowledge from headquarter to subsidiaries and subsidiaries＇ knowledge transferring and diffusing to host countries. But, with the development of world economic globalization, more and more muhinational companies enhance their competitiveness from the international perspective of integrating international resources by subsidiaries, reverse knowledge transferring. Actually, multinational corporation is not only the export of knowledge transferring, but also the knowledge absorption from host countries, that is, host countries and subsidiaries in host countries have effectiveness of reverse knowledge transfer or reverse diffusion. This paper makes a review on recent literatures abroad on reverse knowledge transferring. According to the conclusion, there are three fields that these literatures carried out, that are, variety knowledge to transfer, path of reverse knowledge transferring, and effectiveness of reverse knowledge transferring. Finally, this paper puts forward that China should moderately prevent reverse knowledge transferring from the subsidiaries to their headquarters for multinational corporations in China. In contrast, China＇ s subsidiaries overseas should also make effectively reverse knowledge transfer to their headquarters in order to enhance their competitiveness.