我们怎样思维:信念结构理论及其应用

How We Think:A Theory on the Structure of Belief System

"我们怎样思维"提问的对象是个人思维的状况,触及教育研究的认识论基础。在这个问题上,教育研究领域广为接受的答案来自杜威的反省思维理论。但是,这种规范性的回答,并未照顾个体的实际心理需求。文章将信念结构理论作为一种补充理论,进行了简要地介绍。基于信念结构理论,个体的信念系统包含"心理-逻辑"结构,同时服务于认识和心理保护两种需求。这种对个人认识活动的判断,与反省思维理论的观点差异巨大。基于此,教育研究者的许多概念前设都将面临观念更新的要求。

How we think？ The purpose of this question is to make a detail inquiry into the characteristics of human mind. The answers to this question constitute the epistemologieal basis for educational research. By far the most influential solution to this problem was developed by John Dewey in his milestone work How We Think, first published in 1910 and revised in 1933. The drawback of this answer is that the actual psychological needs of human beings are neglected. This article provided a sketch introduction to the theory on the structure of belief system, as a supplement to Dewey ＇ s thesis. Based on the newly introduced theory, the belief system is more properly to be described as a ＇ psycho - logical＇ structure which is suitable to perform cognitive and protective functions. This new description on the human mind is very different to the old edition which is pro- vided by the theory of reflective thinking. I suggested that educational researcher should renewal their thinking so as to make sense of those differences and get more promising preconceptions.