论哲学的“内敛”与“外溢”效应

On the "Introverting" and "Extroverting" Effects of Philosophy

哲学本质是形而上学。哲学的形而上学体系既维护着自身的内在一致性,又在其延伸的过程中发散着某些局部环节的变化性。作为形而上学的哲学就其内部理论结构而言,必然是板块式的、粘连的、一体的。这一结构的规定使得哲学的内容以自然倾向和梯度式的连接尽可能地趋近于板块的核心,尽可能地依附于中心地带的本体。可以说古希腊早期建构的哲学样式较为充分地体现了"内敛"的规定,这一点在柏拉图和亚里士多德哲学中得以清晰的展示。而其后的哲学发展趋势则是在哲学的"内敛"功能不断地放大,并升至其顶点后,逐渐转向哲学"外溢"效应。这一哲学延伸的现实可能性使得哲学的"内敛"效应减小,"外溢"功能加强。在哲学的"内敛"与"外溢"效应此消彼长的过程里,可以观察到哲学的演进走向和哲学趋向于现实的可能的内在动力。从这一向度出发,可以在更深厚的现实根据上把握马克思哲学出场的历史境遇和当代价值。

Philosophy is, in essence, metaphysics, which maintains its inner coherence and exhales some variability in its outspread process. The theoretical structure of metaphysical philosophy cannot but be a conglutinating system, which entitles philosophy with aptitude and grads toward the core of the system and makes philosophy dependent on the noumenon. The early ancient Greek philosophy, such as Plato＇s and Aristotle＇s philosophies, embodies the ＂ introversion？＂ of philosophy. The evolution of philosophy since then follows a trend that ＂introversion？＂ is constantly growing and gets to its peak before turning to boost the ＂extroversion＂. The potentiality of such philosophy expansion reduces the ＂introverting effect＂, but enhances the ＂extroverting effect＂. From the competition of the two effects, we can observe the evolution track and immanent impetus of philosophy. Starting from this point, we can have a more realistic comprehension of the historical context and contemporary value of Marxian ohilosoohy.