政府控制对企业实际所得税率的影响:365家上市公司样本

The Effects of Government Control on the Real Income Tax of Enterprise: 365 Listing Corporation Samples

利用2004～2011年我国365家上市公司的面板数据,运用Prais-Winstein回归和面板校正标准误方法(PCSEs)实证分析政府控制和不同层级政府控制对企业实际所得税率的影响。结果表明,不能确定政府控制对上市公司实际所得税率的高低是否有影响;地方政府控制的上市公司较中央政府控制的上市公司的企业实际所得税率更高;公司规模和债务规模都与企业实际所得税率成正相关关系,而公司的盈利能力与企业所得税率成负相关关系。一方面,地方政府应放松对企业的规制,推进对地方政府控制的上市公司的产权改革步伐;另一方面,企业应该着重于提升其盈利能力,而不能一味追求扩大规模和过度使用财务杠杆。

This paper uses the panel data of 365 listed firms during 2004 to 2011 from the Shanghai Stock and Shenzhen Stock Market.We define the effective tax rates to be the ratio of income tax expense and profit before tax.By combing the methods called Prais-Winstein regression and PCSEs（Linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors）;we analyze the impact of different levels of government control on the corporate effective rates.The result shows that it is uncertain that whether government control influences the effective tax rates of listed companies or not.Compared to the listed companies which are controlled by central government,those which are controlled by local government have a higher effective tax rates.The size and debt of companies have a positive relationship with effective tax rates while the profit has a negative relationship with effective tax rates.Therefore,we suggest that on the one hand,the local government should release the regulation of company and promote the listed company＇s property rights reform;On the other hand,the company should focus on improving the profitability and cannot blindly pursue expanding scale and excessive use financial leverage.