日本刑法学中的行为无价值论与结果无价值论之争及中国的选择

Debate between Worthless Behavior and Worthless Result in Japanese Criminal Law and Chinese Choice

刑法理论在关于违法性的本质问题上存在着行为无价值论和结果无价值论的争论。日本刑法学者相关讨论亦影响到我国刑法学界。我国学者的讨论立足于现行立法规定而展开,在犯罪成立条件问题上批判了现有的四要件理论,具有鲜明的时代特征和学术特征。中国刑法学须接受结果无价值论,其原因有四:第一,形式违法性中的违法性,是指行为违反实定法规;第二,在所谓违法二元论的场合,在进行违法判断的时候,结果无价值与行为无价值这两者都应予以考虑;第三,在对行为是否违法进行判断的场合,若坚持行为无价值论,则故意、过失也好,责任能力也好,都成了违法判断的对象,导致有责行为的不必要;第四,坚持结果无价值一元论还可以直接解决物的不法问题。

In the theories concerning criminal law, there has been the debate between worthless behavior and worthless result. Japanese scholars in criminal law have influenced their Chinese counterparts. The discussion in China is centered on the current legislative regulations, which criticizes the current theory of four necessary conditions in terms of the establish- ment of a crime, and is of distinct historical and academic features. The Chinese scholars in criminal law must accept theo- ries concerning worthless results for four reasons ： first, the illegality of formal breaching means behavioral violation of actual laws; second, in the context of the so-called illegal dichotomy, in the judgment of illegality, woahless result and worthless behavior should receive equal consideration; third, on the occasion when judging whether certain behavior is illegal, the in- sistence on worthless behavior, whether it is purposeful or neglect, or responsible capabihty, such behavior becomes the object of judgment, thus making the accountable behavior unnecessary; fourth, the insistence on worthless result as the sole criterion can also solve the issue of illegal property.