先秦盟誓的种类及仪程

Kinds of oaths of alliance and ritual programmes in the pre-Qin period

先秦盟誓依照参加人员可分为天子与诸侯间、诸侯国间、诸侯国君与本国卿大夫间、诸侯与少数民族间、诸侯国君与国人间、卿大夫与卿大夫间等种类的盟誓 ;依照盟誓性质可分为政治性、军事性和经济性等种类 ;依照盟誓的仪式可分为血盟和非血盟两种 ;还有伪盟、重盟、强盟、改盟、和匮盟等情况。盟誓的仪程则可分为征会与定期、排序、商讨盟辞、歃血、拜盟等

According to the different participants the oaths of alliance in the pre-Qin period may be divided into various kinds,i.e. between the Son of Heaven and the feudal princes,between the feudal princes and the minority nationalities,between the monarchs and their countrymen,and among the high officials;according to the properties of the oaths of alliance they may be divided into those kinds,such as political,economical and military;according to the ceremonies of the oaths of alliance they may be divided into two kinds,i.e.the oaths of blood and the oaths of non-blood,including the false oaths of alliance,important oaths of alliance,stress oaths of alliance,deficient oaths of alliance,changeable oaths of alliance,etc.;the programmes of the ceremonies of the oaths of alliance may be divided into 11 kinds,such as soliciting,regular,arranged,in order,in discussion,licking blood and swear,etc.