国际航空犯罪之威胁罪研究——兼论与我国刑法的衔接

The Research on the Threat Crime of the International Aviation Crimes——Also on the convergence with the Criminal Law of China

2010年在北京签订的《北京公约》和《北京议定书》两个国际航空安保公约,分别对1971年《蒙特利尔公约》及其补充议定书和1970年《海牙公约》进行了全面修订,新增了威胁犯罪行为类型。公约中的威胁罪是危害国际航空安全的抽象危险犯,其将对国际航空安全的保护前置化,以有效应对恐怖主义犯罪对国际航空安全的威胁。我国《刑法》没有规定一般的威胁罪,只在《治安管理处罚法》中将威胁行为规定为一般违法行为。根据我国刑法与国际公约相衔接的要求以及从我国国际国内治安环境考虑,应在我国刑法中设立一般性的威胁罪。

The new international conventions on aviation security signed in Beijing in 2010 has a comprehensive revision of Montreal Convention in 1971 and Hague Convention in 1970.The threat crimes in the new conventions are Abstract dangerous crimes which protect the security of the international aviation in advance to respond effectively to the threat of the terrorist criminals.There is not a threat crime in general in the Criminal Law of China.The threatening acts are only illegal acts in the Security Administration Punishment Law of China.We should stipulate threat crime in general in the Criminal Law of China according to the convergence with the international convention and the consideration from our international and domestic security environment.