低碳约束下的物流效率分析——以东部十省市为例

Study on Logistics Efficiency under the Restriction of Low-Carbon:Taking Ten Eastern Provinces and Municipalities of China as the Example

文章综合考虑环境负荷与经济增长之间的关系，根据2008～2010年我国东部十省市物流数据。将非期望产出的二氧化碳排放量作为投入变量，运用三阶段DEA模型对物流业纯技术效率、规模效率与综合效率进行衡量和评价。研究发现，外部环境和随机因素对东部十省市物流效率具有重要影响，如果不加以过滤，各省市物流业的纯技术效率值将被低估，而规模效率值则被高估；考虑碳排放的东部十省市物流业技术效率差异明显，山东和河北两省效率最高且达到技术效率前沿，海南省物流效率最低。为更好地推动东部地区物流产业发展，应确立行业“高压线”，健全法律体系；加强政府“碳引导”，给予政策鼓励；调整能源结构，降低能源消耗；发展多式联运，优化物流系统；开展逆向物流，完善物流体系；改善物流环节，实现低碳转变，引入低碳枝术，推动低碳发展。

Considering the relationship between environmental impacts and economic growth, based on logistics data in ten eastern provinces and municipalities of 2008-2010, in the perspective of carbon emissions, an undesired output, as input variables, and with the help of three-stage DEA method, the pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and technical efficiency of logistics is measured and evaluated. It is found that the environmental variables and statistical noise has an important influence on logistics efficiency of ten eastern provinces and municipalities, if not to be removed, the pure technical efficiency of the logistics industry is undervalued, and scale efficiency is overestimated. The differences of logistics efficiency of ten eastern provinces and municipalities are significant based on the perspective of carbon emissions. Shandong province and Hebei provinces are the most efficient and have achieved the technical efficiency of cutting-edge logistics efficiency; while Hainan province is the least efficient one. To promote the development of logistics industry in Eastern China, we should, first, formulate the “high-tension line” for this industry and perfect the law system; second, we should strengthen the “carbon guidance” of government and provide more preferential policies; third, we should adjust the energy structure and reduce the energy consumption; fourth, we should development the multimodal transport and optimize the logistic system; fifth, we should develop the reverse logistics and perfect the logistic system; sixth, we should improve the logistic links and realize the transformation to low-carbon; and seventh, we should introduce low-carbon technology and promote the development of low- carbon.