论国际贸易中的“相对生产成本不等式”——从李嘉图模型到规模经济模型的集成与统一

On the “Inequality of Relative Production Cost” in International Trade:The Integration and Unification from Ricardian Model to Economic Scale Model

比较优势是一国参与国际分工和贸易的基本动因。李嘉图模型、赫克歇尔-俄林模型和规模经济模型分别从劳动生产率、要素禀赋和规模报酬递增等视角论证了基于生产成本的比较优势,它们均可表达为"相对生产成本不等式"。基于生产成本的比较优势是一种狭义比较优势。随着"制度与贸易"、"生态环境与贸易"、"可持续发展与贸易"等日益成为重要的现实和学术主题,有必要对比较优势理论的成本观进行拓展,进而形成基于"全成本"的广义比较优势。

Comparative advantage is the basic motivation for a country to participate in international division of labor and international trade.Ricardian model,Heckscher-Ohlin model and Economic Scale model have proved the comparative advantage based on production cost separately from the perspective of labor productivity,factor endowment and increasing returns to scale,and they can be expressed as ＂the inequality of relative production cost＂.The comparative advantage based on the production cost is a kind of narrow comparative advantage.With ＂institution and trade＂,＂ecological environment and trade＂,＂sustainable development and trade＂ gradually becoming important subject in reality and academic field,it is necessary to expand the cost view of comparative advantage theory and construct the generalized comparative advantage based on ＂full cost＂.