美国对华经济政策中的经济和非经济手段

Economic and Non-Economic Means in America's Economic Policy towards China

美国在对华经济政策中不仅动用了包括进口限制、出口扩张和汇率在内的经济武器,还使用了众多的非经济手段:经贸问题政治化;在贸易逆差和汇率等问题上移花接木,把中国作为美国自身经济问题的替罪羊;要求中国为全球经济平衡和美国的经济霸权承担更大责任;诋毁中国的经济发展模式等。美国不仅透过现实主义的视角审视对华经贸关系,强调相对收益,而且还以现行国际体系构建者的身份,充分利用体系赋予的特权和强势话语,从自身的利益出发对中国的行为进行"规范"。

In its economic policy toward China,the United States has not only employed economic weapons such as import restriction,export expansion and exchange rate protectionism,but also resorted to a number of non-economic means—for example,the politicization of economic issues,blaming China for problems of its own making,coaxing China into shouldering greater international responsibilities,and discursive demolition of China's mode of economic development.In short,the United States approaches its economic relations with China through a realist prism,putting relative gains above absolute gains.It also takes advantage of the privileges derived from its role as the maker of the current international system to shape China's behavior in a way that promotes its own interest.