对“科技一体化”的献疑

To Call "The Unify of Scien-tech" into Question

尽管科学与技术之间存在着千丝万缕的联系,两者之间确实能够相互影响、相互制约、相互促进,但科学与技术之间的差异也是巨大的,并且这种差异是带有根本性的,甚至是难以协调一致的,这样就使我们对目前普遍流行的"科技一体化"观点不得不提出一些疑问。从思维方式看,科学偏重求真性、逻辑性思维,而技术偏重综合性、求效性思维;从知识结构看,科学只涉及关于"是什么"的实证性知识,而技术既要涉及关于"是什么"的实证性知识,又要涉及关于"做什么"的评价性知识,还要涉及"怎么做"的筹划性知识;从行为规范看,科学活动遵循普遍主义、公有性、无私利性、有条理的怀疑主义等规范,而技术活动对公有性、无私利性等规范提出了挑战并且有自己的伦理性、经济性等独特要求;从研究过程看,一般说来技术创造始于问题,而往往不是始于具有普遍性特征的科学理论。笔者从这样四个方面论述了"科技一体化"观点的不妥,力求使人们对科学与技术的关系看得更清楚一些,以利于技术及科学的健康发展。

The relationship between science and technology is extremely complicated,and the two can actually influence,restrict,and promote mutually.However,there are huge differences between them,which are radical and difficult to be coordinated.Therefore,we have to prevail the popular attitude ＂the unify of scien-tech＂into question：Science is partial towards truth-seeking and logical thought,but technology is in favor of synthesis and purpose thought;science is merely related to positive＂know what＂,but also related to normative＂know how＂as well as preparatory＂how to ＂;scientific activities follow universalism,no privacy,disciplinary skepticism,while technical activities,which have their ethical and economic standards,challenge the no privacy paradigm;the innovation of technology is based on problems,while the scientific theories are deduction.The author claims that＂the unity of scien-tech＂is not appropriate because of the four approaches above which is in order to let people clarify the relationship between science and technology,and make them develop healthily.