西北地区102份油菜地方品种农艺性状比较分析

Analysis on Agronomy Traits of 102 Oil Seed Brassica Landraces from Northwest China

以67份新疆油菜地方品种、12份西藏油菜地方品种和23份青海油菜地方品种为研究材料,对生育期、株高、一次有效分枝数、有效分枝高度、单株有效角果数、单果籽粒数、千粒质量、种子含油率等8个性状进行分析。表明,西北地区油菜地方品种具有丰富的遗传变异,8个植物学性状的变异系数(14.15%～89.32%)表现为有效分枝高度>单株有效角果数>株高>种子千粒质量>单果籽粒数>种子含油率>生育期。各农艺性状在三省区的变异有较大差异。利用离差平方和法进行聚类分析,102份油菜地方品种被分为5个类别,第Ⅰ类生育期、千粒质量和含油率最高;第Ⅱ类生育期、株高、有效分枝高度、种子含油率最低;第Ⅲ类各性状值居中;第Ⅳ类株高最高,有效分枝高度、单株有效角果数、单果籽粒数、千粒质量居第2,种子含油率居第3;第Ⅴ类单株有效荚数、一次有效分枝数、单果籽粒数最高。

In this paper,the diversity of 102 rape landracesin northwest China,including 67 landraces from Xinjiang,12 landraces from Tibet,and 23 from Qinhai,was analyzed.The results showed that there was abundant diversity among different varieties.Coefficients of eight agricultural characters of rape variations were 14.15%-89.32%,in the order of height of bearing branchnumber of pods per plant plant height1 000-grain mass seeds per pod seed oil length growth duration.Eight tested traits showed abundant diversities among three provinces.The results of cluster analysis with sum of squares showed that 102 rape varieties could be divided into five groups with different characteristics,which can be a reference in rape breeding.