有机肥和无机肥施用量对荆芥生育特性的影响

Effects of manure and fertilizers on growth and development characters of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.

以1年生裂叶荆芥(Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.)为材料,研究了施用有机肥的3个水平(腐熟鸡粪5 250、10 500和15 750kg/hm2)以及与有机肥氮磷钾含量和配比相同的3个无机肥施用水平对荆芥生育特性的影响。结果表明:生育期间荆芥的株高、茎径及不同器官和全株干物质积累量均呈"S"形曲线增长。施用有机肥和无机肥都促进荆芥生长和干物质积累,施肥处理的株高、茎径的生长量及根、茎、叶、穗干物质的增加速度都大于对照,且随施肥量增加而增大。施用有机肥组(有机肥3个水平的平均值)与无机肥组(无机肥3个水平的平均值)比较,以及有机肥各施用水平与无机肥的对应水平比较,生长初期施用无机肥对株高和各器官干物质积累的促进作用大于施用有机肥,生长中后期则施用有机肥的促进作用比施用无机肥更为明显。在施肥量较多时,施用有机肥比无机肥更有利于茎秆增粗(茎径增加),施肥量较少时无机肥更有利于茎秆增粗。

With field-grown Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.as materials,the effects of three manure quantities（chicken manure compost 5 250,10 500 and 15 750 kg/hm2,respectively）,and three fertilizer quantities with the same ratios and quantities of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as the manure,on growth and development of S.tenuifolia were studied.The results showed that,plant height,stem diameter,and dry matter accumulation of various organs and whole plants of S.tenuifolia all increased as ＂S＂ shape curves during the growing period.The growth and dry matter accumulation of S.tenuifolia were all improved by both manure and fertilizer application.The increments of plant height,stem diameter,and dry weights of roots,stems,leaves and spikes of S.tenuifolia with manure or fertilizers were higher than those of CK without manure and fertilizer application,and increased with the increase of manure or fertilizers applied.Comparison between manure group（the average of the three manure quantities） and fertilizer group（the average of the three fertilizer quantities）,and between each manure level（quantity applied） and the corresponding fertilizer level showed that,at early growing period,the improvements of plant height and dry matter accumulation of various organs by fertilizer application were more significant than those by manure application.At mid-late growing periods,however,the improvements by manure application were more significant than those by fertilizer application.With high quantity applied,manure stimulated stem thickening more than fertilizer did.With low quantity applied,however,fertilizer stimulated stem thickening more than manure did.