基于结构方程模型的高级汉语学习者语言技能关系研究

The Study of the Relationship between the Four Skills of the Advanced Chinese Learners:Based on Structural Equation Modeling

本文以HSK[高级]考试的实测数据为研究材料,使用结构方程模型探究高级汉语学习者听、说、读、写四项技能的结构模式以及四项技能间的融合/分散趋势。对包含一阶因子模型和高阶因子模型在内的9个理论模型的验证结果显示:高级水平汉语学习者技能结构模式可以用"听读+说+写"的形式进行描述,四项技能中听力和阅读呈现融合的趋势,相对而言,说的技能与其它技能的区分性比较高,高级水平汉语学习者听、说、读、写四项技能呈现出部分融合的趋势。研究认为,HSK[高级]考试采用主试卷、口语试卷和写作试卷三部分各自独立施测的方法 ,并将听力和阅读分数进行综合报道,口语、写作分数独立报道,这种做法具有一定的合理性。

This study investigates the factor structure of the four language skills of the advanced Chinese learners and the integrated/differential trend of the four skills,by applying the structural equation modeling to the data of HSK [advanced] test.The finding of the confirmatory factor analyses of the 9 competing factor models indicates that,the three factor first-order model（listening reading ＋ speaking ＋ writing） is best suited to describe the language ability of advanced Chinese learners,and the listening skill and reading skill take on a integrative trend,comparatively,speaking skill is more differentiated from the other three skills.It is found that for advanced learners,the relationship of four language skills,i.e.listening,speaking,reading and writing,presents a partly integrative trend.Thus,we conclude that HSK[advanced] test offers a reasonable test structure and suitable scoring system by separating the main test paper,speaking paper and writing paper,and scoring listening and reading comprehensively,but speaking and writing separately.