基于结构方程的拥挤收费公众可接受性模型

Public acceptability model of congestion pricing based on structural equation model

为了从心理学的角度解释影响拥挤收费公众可接受性的原因,揭示心理因素对可接受性的影响规律.以心理学理论为基础,选择社会规范、问题感知、个人规范、感知行为控制、行为意愿、感知有效、感知公平、感知自由8个心理因素作为研究变量,构建了公众可接受性的心理因素结构模型;根据模型的要求,开发了心理因素量表,并利用该量表对单一拥挤收费措施和加入了改善公交的组合措施进行了调查;利用调查的897个小汽车用户样本对结构模型进行了拟合与估计.结果表明:在可接受性的解释因素上两个措施没有显著的不同,感知公平、感知自由、个人规范、感知行为控制对可接受性有直接影响;影响效果分析表明感知公平和感知自由是影响公众可接受性的关键因子.提高公平性或增加可替代的出行方式有助于提高拥挤收费的公众可接受性.

To explain the reasons of influencing public acceptability of congestion pricing from psychological point of view,and reveal the influence law of psychological factors on acceptability,the structural equation model of public acceptability is built with psychological factors social norm,problem perception,personal norm,perceived behavioral control,behavioral intention,perceived effectiveness,equity and freedom.A scale is developed to measure these psychological factors.Single congestion pricing policy and combined measure of congestion pricing to improve transit are investigated by the scale.The default structural model is fitted and estimated by 897 samples of car user.The results show that the explanatory factors for acceptability are not significantly different between two measures,perceived fairness,freedom,personal norm and perceived behavioral control have direct impact on acceptability.The perceived fairness and freedom are the key factors to affect the public acceptability.The model results may provide a basis for managers to increase the acceptability of congestion pricing policy.