简易大鼠挤压伤-挤压综合征模型建立的实验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ESTABLISHMENT OF A SIMPLE MODEL OF RATS CRUSH INJURY-CRUSH SYNDROME

目的建立一种简单有效、便于重复操作的大鼠挤压伤-挤压综合征(crush syndrome,CS)实验模型,为进一步研究CS奠定基础。方法 2月龄健康雌性SD大鼠42只,体重160～180 g,随机分为实验组(n=36)和对照组(n=6)。实验组采用自制挤压伤模具挤压大鼠双下肢,制备挤压伤-CS模型;挤压后观察大鼠存活情况,分别于挤压2、4、8、12、24、48 h观察大鼠下肢改变及血尿情况,心脏采血行血生化检测;取挤压部位肌肉、肾脏、心脏行组织学观察。对照组不作处理,同上法采血及取相同部位组织进行检测比较。结果挤压期间实验组共7只大鼠死亡,15只出现血尿。挤压后存活大鼠双下肢肿胀,肌肉组织水肿。肝功能检测示,实验组各时间点谷丙转氨酶与谷草转氨酶均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肾功能检测示,实验组挤压2 h后血尿素氮均显著增高,其中12、24、48 h与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组挤压4、8、12、24 h肌酐高于对照组,其中8、12、24 h与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组各时间点血清钾均高于对照组,除挤压2 h外其余各时间点与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心肌损伤检测示,实验组挤压后肌酸激酶呈上升趋势,其中4、8、12、24 h与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组织学观察示,与对照组相比,实验组各时间点肌肉有明显水肿、坏死表现;肾脏出现肾小球充血肿胀,肾小管上皮细胞变性、水肿、坏死、肌红蛋白管型等;心肌结构无明显变化。结论采用自制挤压伤模具制备SD大鼠挤压伤-CS模型,操作简便,各项检测结果稳定,符合挤压伤标准,是建立挤压伤-CS动物实验模型的一种有效方法。

Objective To establish a repeatable, simple, and effective model of rat crush injury and crush syndrome （CS） so as to lay a foundation for further study on CS. Methods A total of 42 female Sprague Dawley rats （2-month-old, weighing 160-180 g） were divided randomly into the control group （n=6） and experimental group （n=36）. The rats of the experimental group were used to establish the crush injury and CS model in both lower limbs by self-made crush injury mould. The survival rate and hematuria rate were observed after decompression. The biochemical indexes of blood were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression. The samples of muscle, kidney, and heart were harvested for morphological observation. There was no treatment in the control group, and the same tests were performed. Results Seven rats died and 15 rats had hematuria during compression in the experimental group. Swelling of the lower limb and muscle tissue was observed in the survival rats after reperfusion. The liver function test results showed that the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The renal function test results showed that blood urea nitrogen level increased significantly after 2 hours of decompression in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with that in the control group at 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression （P 〈 0.05）; the creatinine level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, showing significant difference at 8, 12, and 24 hours （P 〈 0.05）. The serum K＋ concentration of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at all time, showing significant difference at the other time （P 〈 0.05） except at 2 hours. The creatine kinase level showed an increasing tendency in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with the level of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours （P 〈 0.05）. The histological examination of the experimental group showed that obvious edema and necrosis of the muscle were observed at different time points; glomeruli congestion and swelling, renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration, edema, necrosis, and myoglobin tube type were found in the kidneys; and myocardial structure had no obvious changes. Conclusion The method of the crush injury and CS model by self-made crush injury mould is a simple and effective procedure and the experimental result is stable. It is a simple method to establish an effective model of rats crush injury and CS.