农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素

Phosphorus availability in cropland soils of China and related affecting factors

土壤中磷的有效性直接决定着农田生产力.基于分布于我国不同气候区长期定位施肥试验,总结了不同农田土壤的磷素含量、有效性及转化的影响因素.结果表明:目前我国不同类型的土壤中全磷含量在0.31～1.72g·kg-1,速效磷含量在0.1～228.8mg·kg-1.土壤母质、理化性质和施肥方式是影响农田土壤磷素有效性的主要因素,未来应注重有机肥和化肥的混合施用以提高农田土壤磷素有效性,并关注可能导致的环境影响.

Soil phosphorus （P） availability directly determines cropland productivity. Based on the long-term fertilization experiments in different climatic zones of China, this paper summarized the P content, its availability, and the factors affecting the P transformation in China cropland soils. The total and available P contents in different types of China cropland soils were 0.31-1.72 g · kg^-1 and 0.1-228.8 mg·kg^-1 , respectively. Soil parent material, soil physical and chemical prosperities, and fertilization practices were the main factors affecting the soil P availability. It was suggested that more attentions should be paid on the mixed application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers to improve the P availability of cropland soils and on the potential environmental impacts of this fertilization.