老年人吞咽功能调查研究

Investigation of swallowing function in the elderly

目的:调查研究老年人吞咽功能状况及吞咽功能异常的发生率,了解年龄对吞咽功能的影响。方法:对2012-03-16-2012-04-09期间在我院体检中心进行体检的某机构1 040例(≥55岁)准老年和老年人群进行吞咽功能评估,了解老年人吞咽功能异常发生率及年龄对吞咽功能的影响。将患脑卒中、食管癌、帕金森病、吞咽性晕厥、食管痉挛、舌骨囊肿等疾病的志愿者定为基础疾病组,余下的列为正常对照组,比较2组吞咽功能异常的发生率。结果:基础疾病组和正常对照组吞咽功能异常率分别为74.4%(29/39)和5.5%(55/1 001),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。正常准老年组和老年组吞咽功能异常率分别为2.9%(9/311)和6.7/%(46/690),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着年龄增大,老年组吞咽功能异常发生率逐渐增高、30s快速吞咽次数逐渐减少(P<0.01)。结论:脑卒中、食管癌、帕金森等疾病是引起吞咽功能异常的主要因素。正常对照组老年人吞咽功能异常率为6.7%,而且随着年龄增长,吞咽功能异常的发生率上升,吞咽的速度变慢。

Objective：To evaluate the swallowing function and the incidence of swallowing dysfunction in the elderly, and study the effect of age on swallowing function. Method： A total of 1 040（age 255 years） elderly-to-be and elderly who undertaken the health examination in health examination center of our hospital from March 16, 2012 to April 9, 2012 were included in this study. The incidence of swallowing dysfunction in the elderly and the effect of age on swallowing function were evaluated. The subjects with stroke, esophageal cancer, parkinson＇s dis- ease, deglutition syncope, esophageal spasm, thyrohyoid cyst and so on were defined as basic disease group, the other as normal group. The incidence of swallowing dysfunction was compared between the two groups. Result： The incidences of swallowing dysfunction in basic disease group and normal group were 74.4% （29/39） and 5.5% （55/1 001） , and there was a significant difference between the two groups（P〈0. 001）. The swallowing dysfunction rates of elderly-to-be and elderly in normal group were 2.9% （9/311） and 6.7% （46/690） and the difference between the two groups was significant（P（0.05）. With the growth of age, the swallowing dysfunction rate in different age group increased, and the number of rapid swallow in 30 s decreased gradually（P（0. 001）. Conclusion：Stroke, esophageal cancer, Parkinson＇s disease and so on are the main causes of swallowing dysfunction in elderly. The swallowing dysfunction rate is 6.7% in the normal elderly. With the growth of age, the incidence of swallowing dysfunction is increased and the swallowing speed is decreased.