颈部转移性淋巴结的超声评估

Sonographic Evaluation of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes

头颈部恶性肿瘤局部转移易累及颈部淋巴结,早期发现转移性淋巴结有助于治疗方案的选择和疾病预后的评估。目前超声已广泛应用于颈部淋巴结评估,常用的评价指标包括淋巴结部位、大小、形态、边界、淋巴结门、回声、血流分布模式及阻力指数等。近年来超声造影、弹性成像、超声引导下细针抽吸活检等新技术广泛应用,大大提高了诊断的准确性。颈部超声已成为头颈部恶性肿瘤术前评估及术后随访的重要手段。

Cervical nodal metastases are common in patients with head and neck cancers.Early assessment is important for treatment planning and prognosis.Ultrosound has been widely used in the evaluation of neck lymph nodes,with common parameters including location,size,shape,boundary,hilus,echogenicity,vascular pattern,and resistance index.The diagnostic accuracy has been dramatically improved along with the introduction of new techniques including contrast-enhanced ultrasound,elastography,and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.Neck ultrasound has became an important tool in preoperative assessment and postoperative follow-up for patients with head and neck cancers.