优秀军事五项运动员膳食营养知识-态度-行为(KAP)现状调查分析

Investigation of Nutritional Status of Chinese Elite Military Pentathlon Athletes

目的:了解军事五项运动员营养基础知识认知、膳食态度、行为习惯以及可接受的干预手段等信息,为备战第59届世界军事锦标赛提供科技支持。方法:以13名军体大队军事五项优秀运动员(其中男8人,女5人)为调查对象,设计军事五项运动员膳食营养知信行调查问卷,对运动员进行问卷调查。结果:运动员对营养知识部分条目总知晓率为55.13%,平均得分(21.53±6.92)分;不同性别、年龄、运动年限、自我体型评价的运动员问卷得分差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);运动员对维生素C来源条目答对率为61.5%,对碳水化合物、不饱和脂肪酸以及钙的主要来源条目答对率分别为46%、31%及30.7%;9名运动员(69.2%)有吃早餐的习惯,食用水果频率较高,男、女运动员摄入频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),食用奶制品及蔬菜的频率较低;在最能接受的营养知识宣传方式条目中,7名(53.8%)运动员选择专业人员现场讲授膳食营养知识,1名(7.7%)选择观看教学录像,5名(38.5%)选择发放小宣传册。结论:应当适时集中开展营养知识讲座,发放营养知识小册子,在日常就餐中适时进行知识普及和行为提醒;适当增加正餐之外的奶类、水果供应,并配制运动饮料,监督和指导训练过程中的补液。

Objective Cognition of nutrition knowledge, habits and behavior of and attitude towards daily nutrition intake among elite military pentathlon athletes were investigated by questionnaire survey. Methods 13 Chinese elite military pentathlon athletes,including 8 males and 5 females,were involved in this study by completing a self-designed daily diet questionnaire. Results The nutrition knowledge was 21.53 ±6.92 evaluated by scoring method with a total correct answer rate of 55.13%. No significant difference in scoring was found among groups with different gender, age, duration of athletic career and self-evaluating attitude toward body configuration （P 〉 0.05）. The correct response rate for vitamin Cwas 61.5% ,while those for carbohydrate, unsaturated fat acid and calcium were 46%, 31% and 30.7%, respectively. 9 of 13 （69.2%） athletes regularly had their breakfast. Frequency of fruit intake was relatively high and no significant difference between male and female （P 〉 0.05）. Their dairy product intake frequency was low. Regarding most acceptable ways of health promotion education,7 athletes （53.8%） preferred face-to-face tutoring method, 1 （7.7%） preferred watching video and other 5 （38.5%） preferred reading nutrition-related brochures. Conclusion Nutrition lecture and nutrition-related brochures are needed for athletes at the right moment. Nutrition instruction during meal time should be conducted. Extra supplying dairy products ,fruits are encouraged. Instruction of sport drinks and liquid intake during training should be considered as well.