Q型烟粉虱在中国的入侵生态过程及机制

Ecological processes and mechanisms of invasion of the alien whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype Q in China

外来种的入侵生态过程及机制是入侵生物学重要的研究内容,相关领域的案例分析对入侵生物学学科构建具有重要的理论意义,对于入侵生物的防控具有重要的实践价值。但迄今中国对外来种的入侵生态过程及机制案例分析较少。而近10年来中国学者对重大入侵昆虫Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的研究为这方面的分析提供了可能。基于上述因素,本文以Q型烟粉虱为例,追溯了Q型烟粉虱成功入侵中国的生态过程,总结了该昆虫成功入侵的生态过程特征,从种群遗传结构、生态因子及人类活动等方面解析了该虫成功入侵的机制,展望了Q型烟粉虱入侵生物学未来的研究方向。我们认为,Q型在中国的入侵生态过程具有传入隐蔽、扩散快速、危害严重等特点;Q型烟粉虱成功入侵中国涉及Q型烟粉虱种群遗传学基础、生态因子及人类活动等多种因素,其中杀虫剂在中国的大量使用对Q型取代B型的驱动作用可能是Q型烟粉虱在中国成功入侵的重要因素。

The ecological processes and mechanisms of alien species invasion are important parts of invasion biology. The case study of ecological processes and mechanisms of invasion of the important alien species is of significance to the construction of invasion biology discipline and the management of the invasive species as well. The case study of the alien species in China, however, was rather scarce till the present. The systematic study of an important alien whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype Q, in China during the past lO years has provided an excellent chance for us to analyze the ecological processes and mechanisms of the alien species invasion. In this article, the ecological processes of B. tabaci biotype Q in China during the past 10 years are traced, the characteristics of its invasion processes are summarized, the invasion mechanisms of the pest is analyzed from the viewpoint of genetic structure of invasive populations, biological factors and human activities, and the future research directions of invasion biology of B. tabaci biotype Q are also prospected. We conclude that there are three main characteristics of the invasion processes of biotypc Q in China： the introduction was cryptic, the spread speed was fast, and the damage was severe. The mechanisms of invasion of biotype Q in China are associated with the genetic basis of the introduced populations, the ecological factors and a variety of human activities. Among them, the wide application of insecticides, which is beneficial to the displacement of biotype B by Q, might he the most important factor involved in the successful invasion of biotype Q in China.