我国深部探测技术与实验研究进展综述

Progress of deep exploration in China's Mainland: A review

深部探测技术与实验研究专项(SinoProbe,2008—2012)是我国历史上实施的规模最大的地球深部探测计划.专项开展了全国4°×4°、华北和青藏高原1°×1°的大地电磁阵列观测,建立了全国地球化学基准网(含78种元素),完成了青藏高原、华南—中央造山带、华北和东北等四条超长深地震反射剖面,部署了罗布莎、金川、腾冲、南岭、庐枞和铜陵等大陆科学钻探实验,开展了青藏高原东南缘和华北地区地应力监测;在我国东部长江中下游和南岭成矿带开展的矿集区立体探测卓有成效.同时,专项还开展了岩石圈三维结构与地球动力学数值模拟、大陆地壳结构与演化的综合研究.专项全面实施以来,已经完成约6000km的深地震反射剖面,成功研究、实验了地壳与地幔深部探测的一系列技术方法,积累了丰富经验,极大地加快了我国深部探测的进度,在国内外产生了强烈的反响.专项实现了技术组合创新、技术进步与重大科学发现的并举,适应我国地质地貌条件和地壳/岩石圈结构特征,初步形成了具有不同层次、不同尺度、不同精度探测空间组合的深部探测技术方法体系,建立了若干各具地质特色的探测试验基地.专项实验已经取得了一系列重大突破与重要成果,深部探测关键仪器装备自主研发获得重大突破,为全面开展地壳探测工程的组织实施奠定了必要的技术基础.

The SinoProbe is a multidisciplinary earth science research program of unprecedented scope and scientific ambition in geosciences.The overall aim of the SinoProbe is to reveal the composition,structure and evolution of the continental lithosphere in China.The SinoProbe（2008—2012） has successfully conducted researches and experiments on crust and mantle exploration technologies,accumulated abundance of experiences,and significantly accelerated China′s development on deep exploration.It has made some new understandings on the Mesozoic-Cenozoic geological evolution of the China's Mainland.It has collected deep seismic reflection profiles in Tibet,South China,North China,and Northeast China for a length of ca.6000 km,which accounts for the same length conducted previously in China.It have carried out national-wide geochemical baseline（with 78 elements） and magnetotelluric（MT） Array（by 4°×4°,and 1°×1° in North China and Tibet）,3D exploration in ore deposit districts in eastern China,several continental scientific drilling holes,regional in-situ stress monitoring networks,geodynamic modeling of the lithosphere underneath the continental China,and instrumentation development for deep exploration.For the first time,SinoProbe has obtained deep seismic reflection evidence for the thick-crust Moho surface in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and for the lithospheric mantle in Northeast China.The preliminary results from MT array observations of SinoProbe show an abnormal electric-conductivity structure of the lithosphere under the Ordos basin,providing important evidence for the evolution mechanism of the North China craton.