复指代词在汉语句式中的分布情况探析

The study of the distribution of resumptive pronouns in Chinese constructions

复指代词是指在句内回指有指称内容的名词短语的代词,它主要出现在汉语话题句和关系小句中。复指代词在两种句式中的分布基本一致,大致可分为三种:必须出现、自由出现和不能出现。复指代词的出现受两方面因素制约:一,成分提取要遵循的等级,即名词短语可及性等级。可及性较高的成分提取后,原位一般不会出现复指代词;可及性较低的成分提取后,原位必须留下复指代词。二,复指代词本身的句法属性。当空位违背句法限制时,复指代词就会出现来挽救句子的合法性。

Resumptive pronouns are the pronouns which can anaphor the referential noun phrases in inner-sentences,which mainly emerge in Chinese topic constructions and relative constructions.Their distributions in two constructions are generally the same.There are three distributions： compulsory emergence,free emergence and forbidden emergence.The emergence of resumptive pronouns is limited by two factors： First is the hierarchy of the constituents’extraction,named noun phrase accessibility hierarchy.When extract the constituents in higher hierarchy,resumptive pronouns may not emerge,while in lower hierarchy,resumptive pronouns must emerge.Second is the syntactic prosperities of resumptive pronouns.They can act as a last resort to rescue an illegal gap for avoiding the syntactic restrictions.