唐末五代典权法律制度之探讨

Research on Pawning Right of Late Tang and Five Dynasties

学界一般认为宋朝是典权法律制度的成熟阶段因而给予特别关注,却对宋朝之前的典权法律制度研究甚少。任何成熟的法律制度都不是一蹴而就的。在典权法律制度漫长的发展过程中,唐末五代时期是一个重要的流变和积淀阶段。唐末五代时期典权法律制度以"贴典"、"质"等为存在形式,逐步形成了该时期颇具特色的典权法律制度基本样态。该种样态的形成有制度上、经济上、文化上的原因,并在实际运行过程中表现出多样性与灵活性。唐末五代时期形成的典权法律制度在纵向发展脉络上为后世提供了基本模型,且以其独特的优势在社会剧变中发挥了维持社会稳定的积极作用,体现了中国人民卓越的生存智慧。

Researchers always pay extra attention to Song Dynasty as a mature stage of pawning right, whereas they don＇t concern enough about periods before Song Dynasty. Any mature legal system is not accomplished in one move. Late Tang and Five Dynasties is such an important variational and depositional period in the long his- tory of the development of pawning right. Pawning right existed in ＂Tie Dian＂ and ＂Pledge＂ forms during Late Tang and Five Dynasties period, and gradually formed its basic sample state that was perfectly impressive. Institu- tional,economic and cultural causes influenced the formation of this sample state, and in the actual operation process it showed diversity and flexibility. Pawning right of Late Tang and Five Dynasties period provides a basic model for the later in longitudinal development history. With its unique advantage, it plays a positive role to maintain social stability in the social upheaval and well reflects the Chinese people＇ s excellent survival wisdom.