氯代苯酚结构与农作物毒性关系的研究

Study on the Relationship between the Structure of Chlorobenzene and Its Toxicity to Crops

卤代苯酚是一种环境污染物。本文通过水培发芽试验和幼苗土壤盆栽试验,研究了卤代苯酚系列污染物结构与冬小麦、萝卜、油菜等作物毒性的关系。结果表明,氯代苯酚系列污染物都可抑制他们的发芽和幼苗生长,其毒性都大于苯酚,并与浓度成显著性正相关。在浓度相同时,其毒性随苯环上氢原子被氯取代个数的增加而加大。在浓度和取代个数都相同时,不同取代部位的毒性不同,邻位取代毒性最大。不同农作物对它们的抗性不同;在取代个数、浓度和取代部位都相同时,小麦受害程度最轻,油菜最重。

Chlorobenzene is a kind of environmental pollutant. The relationship between the structure of the pollutants of chlorobenzene series and their toxicity to winter wheat, radish, and rape was studied through water cultured germination and soil-potted seedling test. The result shows that all the pollutants can inhibit the germination and growth of the seedling. The toxicity is higher than phenol and is positively correlated with concentration significantly. Under the same concentration, the toxicity increased with the number of hydrogen atoms substituted by chlorine atoms in the benzene ring. The toxicity is different when the substitute position varied under the same substitute number and concentration. The ortho-position substitution has the highest toxicity. The wheat suffered the slightest injury, while the rape has the most serious damage when the substitute number, the concentration and the position are the same.