激素及细胞因子对泌乳的影响及其调控

Effects and Regulation of Hormone and Cytokine on Lactation

乳腺发育及泌乳过程是在机体内分泌系统严格控制下的复杂过程,受到多种激素和细胞因子的调控,包括催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素(insulin)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、瘦素(leptin)等。催乳素是启动泌乳最关键的激素。GH对乳腺发育具有直接作用。胰岛素通过改变乳房外周的物质代谢调节乳腺的底物供应。IGF-1可促进细胞生长、分化和存活,从而维持泌乳细胞的数量和泌乳性能,是更直接的促进泌乳和维持泌乳因子。这些激素或细胞因子水平的变化不仅能够调控乳腺发育、启动泌乳以及维持泌乳等重要的生理过程,也直接影响乳产量及乳蛋白和乳脂肪的含量。论文综述了激素及其细胞因子对泌乳等的影响,并就其机制进行了探讨。

The mammary development and lactation are complex processes controlled by endocrine system, regulated by many hormones and cytokines,including prolactin, growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-l, leptin, and so on. Prolactin is the most critical hormone to start lactation. GH has a direct role in the mammary development. In- sulin can regulate substrate supply in mammary gland by altering substance metabolism in peripheral breast. IGF- 1 can promote cell growth, cell differentiation and cell survival,accordingly can maintain the number of luteotroph and the ability of lactation, so IGF-1 is a cytokine which can directly promote lactation and maintain lactation. The changes in the level of these hormones or cytokines not only can regulate mammary development, start lactation, maintain lactation and so on, but also directly influence the yield of milk and the content of milk protein and milk fat. This article made a summary about the effect on lactation and so on,and discussed the mechanism.