试论宋代的《天问》注释特色——以洪兴祖、朱熹、杨万里三家为考察对象

On the Annotation Features of Tian Wen in Song Dynasty——Hong Xingzu,Zhu Xi,Yang Wanli as the Object of Study

洪兴祖的《天问》注释特点,主要在校勘异文的基础上以翔实的史料来补王逸注释的未备或模糊之处,或说明句子的转折、承接关系和内在联系,或对《天问》的旨意作进一步阐发;其不足主要是对一些难解或无法解释之字句强作训释。朱熹的《天问》注释特点,一是体例上的变化,二是在集王、洪字词注释于一体的基础上阐发个人见解,三是以哲学中的理、气说对章旨作义理上的阐释。杨万里的《天问天对解》主要是在疏通柳宗元《天对》难解字词的基础上,纠正和补充前人的偏颇、失误之处;但其明显的不足,也是因受《天对》影响较深而沿袭了其中的一些讹误。

Hong Xingzu＇ s annotation feature of ＂Tian Wen＂ is mainly to complement what Wang Yi didn＇ t noted or is ambiguous with full and accurate historical data, or to expound sentence turning, continuing relationships and the inner contact, or to make further analysis of ＂Tian Wen＂. Its deficiency is that he imposed his own expla- nation on some unintelligible words. Zhu Xi＇s annotation features of ＂Tian Wen＂ are： one is the style change; the second is to state his own opinions on the basis of Hong＇ s and Wang＇ s annotations; the third is to base his annotation on the philosophy. Yang Wanli＇ s ＂The Explanation of Tian Wen and Tian Dui＂ is mainly to correct and complement previous bias and mistakes by dredging difficult words in Liu Zongyuan＇ s ＂Tian Dui＂, but its obvious deficiency is to follow some of these errors due to the deep impact of ＂Tian Dui＂ on him.