考虑水质状况的水轮机装置空化系数和安装高程的计算理论

The Computatinal Theory of Cavitation Factor and Setting Elevation of Hydraulic Turbine with Consideration of Influence of Water Quality

国内外的水轮机技术书籍或文献中,大都把清水的汽化压力当作水轮机装置中水流发生空化的条件。事实上,空化与汽化是两个完全不同的物理过程;前者主要为基于水中数量巨大的气核初始状态的气体多变过程,而后者则为水转化为蒸汽的相变过程。因此,不能把某种温度下清水的汽化压力当作空化压力来确定水轮机装置的空化系数和安装高程。本文提出了考虑水质状况影响,正确确定水轮机装置空化系数和安装高程的计算理论方法。

The books of hydraulic turbine technology in countries all over the world in which it takes the vapor pressure of clear water as the condition of occurring cavitation of the flow by mistake. In fact, the cavitation and the vapor are two complete different physical processes; the former mainly bases on the air multivariate processes of the initial state of the enormous quantity air nucleus in the water while the latter is a phase change process that is the water transiting into the vapor. So we can＇t take the vapor pressure of the clear water at some temperature as the cavitation to ascertain the cavitation factor and set elevation of hydraulic turbine equipment. The effect of water quality on cavitation pressure characteristic is presented, and the computational theory of cavitation factor and setting elevation of hydraulic turbine is proposed.