司马迁“成一家之言”新探

New Analysis on Sima Qian's "Creating a Philosophy of One's Own"

司马迁著《史记》以"成一家之言",其主观动机是在历史叙事和历史批判的史书著述中追求自我价值的实现,即在史书的不朽价值基础上建立不朽之名。司马迁对自我价值实现不懈追求这一精神贯穿在《史记》的创作中,表现在《史记》的每个人物身上。这种精神源自中国古代知识分子的以道自任的自主精神与耻功名不表于后世的价值取向。司马迁在《史记》创作中不仅表现为对自我命运的关怀,更渗透着对历史发展规律本质的探索和对个体生命以及人类命运的终极关怀。

Sima Qian wrote Records of the Grand Historian to＂ create a philosophy of one＇ s own＂, and his subjective motive was to realize his self-value through historical narration and historical criticism carried in this book, namely to establish immortal reputation based on his unmatched book. His unremitting pursuit of self-value ran through creation of Records of the Gramt Historian, embodied in characterization of every figure in the book. Ancient Chinese intellec- tuals had a responsibility sense of maintaining ＆ passing Taoism, and wanted their achievements to be known by pos- terity （if not known by posterity, they would take it as a shameful thing）, which was also true for Sima Qian. In cre- ation of Records of the Grand Historian, Sima Qian not only showed care for his own fate, but also explored the es- sence ＆ law of historical development, expressed uhimate concern for individuals＇ life as well as mankind＇ s destiny.