辣椒菌核病病原菌生物学特性研究

Study on Biological Characteristics of Pepper Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

对辣椒菌核病生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果显示:病原菌菌丝在培养基上生长温度范围为10～30℃,最适生长温度为20～25℃。在pH为3～11范围内都可以生长,最适生长pH为5～7。菌丝生长对硝酸钠利用最差,丙氨酸和蛋白胨利用最好。碳源以蔗糖生长较好,果糖生长较慢。菌丝的致死温度为55℃。菌核萌发的最适温度为10～30℃,培养基除米糠培养基外,其余都适合菌核萌发,在pH3～11范围内都可以萌发,最适萌发pH范围为3～7。碳源中,最适合菌核萌发的氮源为蛋白胨,果糖不利于菌核萌发,菌核的致死温度为70℃,菌核浸泡45 d及以上不萌发。通过对病原菌生物学特性的研究,为生产上辣椒菌核病的防治提供理论依据。

The biological characteristics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were studied. The results showed that the temperature range of mycelium growth in 10 -30 ℃ and 20 -25 ℃ was the optimum. The mycelium could grow from pH 3 to pH 11 and pH 5 -7 was favorable. Mycelium growth was worst in sodium nitrate and the best in alanine and peptone. The sucrose was more favorable for mycelial growth than that for fruc- tose. Mycelium lethal temperature was 55 ℃ for 10 min. The optimum temperature of scleretia germination was from 10 to 30 ℃. The sclerotia grew well at medium except rice bran medium,the sclerotia could germinate from pH 3 to pH 11 and the best was pH 3 -7. The fructose was not beneficial for the sclerotia germination and the peptone was more favorable for scleretia germination than others. The sclerotia lethal temperature was 70℃ for 10 min. The scleretia could not germinate when scleretia was soaked for more than 45 days. Key words：