几种喷雾器在茶园中的使用性能与效果对比研究

Comparison on Performances of Several Knapsack Sprayers in Tea Garden

本研究从施药速度、用水量、漂移距离、雾滴沉积分布以及对害虫的实际防治效果等方面入手,对目前市面常见的4种喷雾器进行了比较研究。结果表明,各器械雾滴在茶树上的分布均匀性以弥雾机最好,其它3种器械相差不大。在雾滴横向漂移方面,弥雾机最为严重,机动喷雾器和手动喷雾器漂移距离都比较短,但弥雾机地面总沉积量最小,对土壤污染较小,而手动喷雾器地面沉积总量最大;在施药速度方面机动喷雾器最快,但用水量也最大,手动喷雾器施药速度最慢,效率较低。从田间对假眼小绿叶蝉实际防效来看,弥雾机防效最好。其中,药后7 d,2000倍液浓度下,弥雾机的防效显著高于其它3种器械;药后14 d,1000倍液和2000倍液浓度下,弥雾机的防效显著高于电动喷雾器和手动喷雾器。

Based on spray speed, water consumption, drift distance, droplets distribution and actual effects on posts, four common sprayers in the market were studied in this research. The results showed that the mist sprayer had the best droplets distribution uniformity at the tea canopy, and the other three sprayers were similar with each other. Though the mist sprayer had the most serious drift in respect of droplets transverse drift, it had the lowest deposition on the ground and did not have serious pollution in soil. The drift distances of the motor sprayer and the hand sprayer were shorter than that of the mist sprayer, but the hand sprayer had the highest deposition on the ground. For the spray speed, the motor sprayer was the fastest one but had the highest water consumption, and the hand sprayer was the slowest one which had less efficient. From the actual control effects against Empoasca vitis （ Gothe）, the mist sprayer had the best control effect. Seven days after spraying, the control effect of the mist sprayer was significantly higher than the other three sprayers at the concentration of 2000 times. Fourteen days after spraying, the control effect of the mist sprayer was significandy higher than that of electric sprayer and hand sprayer at the concentration of 1000 and 2000 times.