车用永磁同步电机电磁噪声分析研究

Electromagnetic noise study of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle

以电动汽车驱动用永磁同步电机为研究对象,从作用于电机定子表面的电磁力波和电机定子结构的动态特性两个方面对电动汽车驱动用永磁同步电机空载工况的电磁噪声展开研究。通过研究永磁同步电机产生电磁力波的机理,推导了空载工况电磁力波的解析分析方法,结合电磁仿真的手段,精确计算了电机在空载工况下电磁力波的波次、频率和幅值;通过建立电机定子结构的有限元仿真模型及有限元模态仿真计算,得到了定子结构的模态频率和振型。发现:电机定子结构的前6阶模态频率较低,电机空载工况在调速过程中所激发的电磁力容易引起电机定子结构的共振。该研究为电动汽车驱动用永磁同步电机的减振降噪提供了指导。

This paper takes permanent magnet synchronous motor（PMSM） for Electric Vehicles（EV） as study object and considers the electromagnetic force waves acting on the stator and the structure dynamic characteristics of the stator as two key factors to analyze the electromagnetic noise of PMSM for EV drives.Through studying the electromagnetic force wave generation mechanism of PMSM,the analytical method of electromagnetic wave under no-load condition is deducted.Combined with electromagnetic simulation,the wave time,frequency and amplitude of electromagnetic force are accurately calculated.By building the finite element simulation model of motor structure and using the finite element modal simulation,the modal frequencies and shapes are obtained.From the results it can be found that the first six orders modal frequencies of the whole stator structure is low,and the stator structural resonance is easily inspired by the electromagnetic force under no-load condition during the process of speed regulation.The study provides guidance for the structural design of low-noise motor.