流动儿童的心理健康与自我概念状况及其相关研究

State and correlations of mental health and self-concept of urban migrant children in China

【目的】了解流动儿童心理健康、自我概念的特点及二者的相关。【方法】分层整群抽取贵阳市流动儿童,采用中小学生心理健康测验和田纳西自我概念量表进行调查,获得有效流动儿童问卷453份。【结果】流动儿童的心理症状检出率高于一般儿童(χ2=78.74,P<0.01),在自责、恐惧、冲动及总分上女生得分高于男生(P<0.05或<0.01),心理健康的部分因素的年级差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);流动儿童的自我概念不如一般儿童,在部分因素上女生得分高于男生(P<0.05或<0.01),自我概念的年级差异都有统计学意义(P<0.01);除心理健康的身体症状和自责外,其它因素及总分与自我概念各因素相关都有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。【结论】流动儿童的心理健康和自我概念都有性别差异和年级差异,二者存在相关。

【Objective】 To explore the characteristics of mental health and self-concept and their correlations of urban migrant children in China. 【Methods】 Urban migrant primary students and secondary school students(PSMH) in Guizhou were investigated with mental health test and Tennessee Self concept Scale(TSCS).Finally 453 valid questionnaires of urban migrant children had been selected from those questionnaires. 【Results】 The ratio of mental health symptom in urban migrant children was higher than that of common children(χ2=78.74,P<0.01).The incidences of self-reproach,dread,impulsion and the total points of PSMH in the girls were higher than those in the boys(P all<0.05).There were significant differences among grades in the total points and other factors of PSMH(P<0.01).The level of self-concept in urban migrant children was lower than that of common children.The incidences of some factors of self-concept in the girls were higher than those in the boys(P<0.05 or <0.01).There was significance difference among grades in all factors of self-concept.There were significance correlations between the total points and all the factors of PSMH except physical symptom and self-reproach(P all<0.05). 【Conclusions】 There are significant differences between gender and among grades in all factors of PSMH and TSCS,and significant correlations exist between mental health and self-concept.