不同胎龄早产与婴儿气质的关系

Relationship between prematurity and infant temperament

目的探讨不同胎龄早产对婴儿气质的影响。方法观察组选取在本院高危儿门诊随访的早产儿91例，其中胎龄≥32周组46例，胎龄〈32周组45例；对照组选取在本院健康体检的正常足月新生儿60例；入选婴儿在6月龄时采用中国婴儿气质量表进行婴儿气质的测查并比较。结果胎龄≥32周组婴儿气质类型分布与足月新生儿比较，差异无统计学意义；在气质维度上，胎龄≥32周组婴儿的适应性和持久性得分较正常足月新生儿组低，差异有统计学意义。胎龄〈32周组婴儿以困难型和发动缓慢型气质类型居多，与足月新生儿组比较，差异有统计学意义；在气质维度上，活动水平、节律性、适应性、心境、持久性和注意分散度较足月新生儿组低，差异有统计学意义。胎龄≥32周组与〈32周组比较，气质类型分布差异无统计学意义；在注意分散气质维度上差异有统计学意义。结论胎龄〈32周早产对婴儿气质影响较大，针对这些小早产儿最好进行早期干预。

Objective To explore the relationship between prematurity and infant temperament development. Methods Ninty-one premature infants were selected as the study group from high-risk outpatient service in our hospital. Of these, 46 infants were born after 32 weeks of gestation （ group A） and 45 infants before 32 weeks of gestation （ group B）. Sixty full-term newborns were selected as the control group from those seeking regular health cheek-ups in our hospital. These babies were tested for temperament by using the Chinese Infant Temperament Questionnaire at age of 6 months. Results There was no statistical difference between group A and the control group on in temperament distribution. The score of group A was lower than that of the control group in adaptability and persistence. There was statistical difference between group B and the control group in the temperament distribution. More babies with difficulty type and slow-to-warm-up type were observed in group B than in the control group. The score of group B was lower than the control group in rhythmicity, levels of activity, adaptability, mood, persistence, and attention to decentralization. No statistical difference in temperament distribution was noted between group A and group B, but significant difference in temperament dimension of attention to decentralization was observed between the two groups. Conclusion Prematurity has negative impact on the infant temperament development. Early intervention is advised for infants born before 32 weeks of gestation.