黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼的形态学比较研究

Morphological Variation Analysis of C.lucidus and C.niveatus

采集丹东近海的黑鳃梅童鱼29个个体和海洲湾近海的棘头梅童鱼30个个体,开展2种梅童鱼形态特征比较研究。对2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、臀鳍第一鳍棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔和耳石等部位进行拍照及形态描述,并进行了2种梅童鱼传统形态学的8个分节特征和14个量度特征的判别分析、主成分分析和单因子方差分析。结果显示:2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔颜色和耳石形态存在明显差异;除鳔侧枝数有明显差异外,其它可数性状均无显著差异。采用贡献率大的8个参数建立2种梅童鱼的判别公式,判别准确率达100%;黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼在外部形态可量数据上虽存在个别交叉,但仍能形成各自相对集中的组;在P=0.01显著性水平下进行单因子方差分析,结果2种梅童鱼在7个变量上存在显著性差异。

Collichthys lucidus and Collichthys niveatus in order Perciformes, family Sciaenidae, genus Co[[ichthys are important economical fish species for China. To identify them, 29 C. niveatus and 30 C. lucidus individuals were collected from the coastal seawater around Dandong and Haizhou Bay in 2009 and compared morphologically. It was found that the head apophysis, the first spine of anal fin, the branch of air bladder, the color of oral cavity and the shape of otolith of these two species were significantly differ- ent. The mean number of air bladder branches of C. niveatus and C. lucidus was 14. 35 and 22.07, re- spectively; while other meristie characteristics of these two species were similar. The accuracy of two dis- criminating formulas established for C. niveatus and C. lucidus with 8 parameters was 100%. Principal component analysis of morphological characteristics showed that some morphometric data of these two species overlapped; however, the first three principle components almost distinguished them. One-way ANOVA showed that 7 variances of them were significantly different. Our findings supported the tradi- tional taxonomy of these two species.