不同类型附着基对刺参生长和氮磷收支的影响

Study on the Effect of Different Types of Shelter on Sea Cucumber Growth and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets

采用陆基网围方法,研究了石头(ST)、瓦片(EA)、塑料管(PL)、空心砖(BR)和水泥管(CP)5种类型附着基对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus以下简称刺参)生长和系统N、P收支的影响。结果表明:1.收获时刺参产量ST和BR组显著高于其它组(P<0.05),PL、CP和EA组差异不显著(P>0.05);刺参的成活率ST组最高(P<0.05),EA组最低(P<0.05),PL、CP和BR组差异不显著(P>0.05),表明附着基类型对刺参的生长和成活有明显的影响。2.换水是刺参养殖池塘N、P收支的主要途径,附着基类型对N、P各项收支比例未产生明显影响(P>0.05)。3.收获时池塘底泥N、P积累量明显降低,但不同附着基类型间差异不明显(P>0.05),仅ST组N积累显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。4.塑料管附着基具有养殖成本低、收获和清池便利的优势,建议采用塑料管作为刺参池塘养殖的附着基。

With net enclosures, the effect of different types of shelter including stone （ST）, cement pipe （CP）, earthenware （EA）, brick （BR） and plastic pipe （PL） on sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus Selenka） growth and nitrogen and phosphorus budgets was determined. We found that （1） the yield of sea cucumber inhabiting ST and BR was significantly higher （P〈0. 05） than those inhabiting other shelters; （2） the survival rate of sea cucumber inhabiting ST was the highest and those inhabiting EA was the lowest （P〈0. 05）; while those inhabiting PL, CP and BR was similar each other. These findings indicated that the effect of different types of shelter on sea cucumber growth and survival rate was significant. Wa- ter exchanging is the most important route of nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in sea cucumber ponds. It was found that the effect of different types of shelter on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets was similar. At harvest, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulations in sediment were reduced significantly, however, such a reduction was similar among different types of shelter except for ST where nitrogen accumulation was significantly lower than that of others （P〈0.05）. The plastic pipe was the best shelter for sea cucumber; it is cheapest and convenient for harvesting and cleaning.