宜昌市钩端螺旋体病周期性流行原因及控制措施研究

Study on the Epidemic Factors and Control Measures of Leptospirosis in YiChang Prefecture

目的 :论证钩端螺旋体病 (钩体病 )周期性流行及影响因素 ,找出经济、科学、可行的控制措施。方法 :收集分析宜昌市 196 0～ 1997年钩体病疫情报告 ,描述其流行特征 ;收集当地农田鼠类监测数据 ,进行相关分析 ;采取群组研究方法 ,进行钩体菌苗预防接种效果观察。结果 :宜昌市钩体病呈周期性流行 ,流行高峰间隔期为 10～ 13年 ;流行与野外农田鼠密度呈高度正相关 ;采用钩体菌苗控制钩体病流行 ,发病率比为 7.0 8,死亡率比为 3.17,有明显的经济效益。结论 :人群免疫力的逐年下降、鼠密度在某一时刻异常增大等因素的相互作用 ,使钩体病呈周期性流行。可通过长期特别是流行间隔期疫苗预防接种和大力开展灭鼠活动等主要措施 。

To analysis the epidemic factors of Leptospirosis and find out the effective control measures,the case report of Leptospirosis in YiChang prefecture during 1960-1997 was analysised.The relation between farm rats and incidence of Leptospirosis was analysised with Liner correlation. The Cohort Study on control effect of Leptospirosis vaccine was made. There were cyclic epidemic of Leptospirosis in YiChang prefecture.It was 10-13 years for one cyclic epidemic.The epidemic was high positive correlation with quantity of farm rats.The Leptospirosis vaccine was effect in controling the cyclic epidemic.The incidence rate ratio was 7.08 and mortality rate ratio was 3.17 .It was a very well control measures that Leptospirosis vaccine was made in long time on the epidemic area of Leptospirosis .