西部地区义务教育阶段城乡学校均衡发展研究——以西部某省为样本

The Balanced Development of Compulsory Education in Urban and Rural Schools in Western China

通过对西部某省义务教育阶段城乡学校均衡发展现状的调研,获得了大量第一手真实可靠的数据;通过对数据的统计分析,寻找城乡学校发展不均衡的深层次原因,提出破解均衡发展难题的关键渠道:义务教育办学经费由中央财政全额承担,县(区)政府及教育局监督学校经费使用;制定全国义务教育学校统一建设标准,用8-10年时间使全国中小学全部达到建设标准;科学合理配置义务教育资源,促进城乡学校均衡发展;大幅度提高农村中小学教师工作津贴,用"赎买农村学校教师青春"的补偿办法使农村中小学教师安心工作;改变靠行政手段管理调动教师的传统办法,用经济手段调动城乡教师合理流动;依法管理城乡中小学,使中小学校长真正拥有事权、财权、人权。

Through investigating the status quo of the balanced development in urban and rural schools in one province of western China,the data are obtained and statistically analyzed.Additionally,some reasons resulting in unbalanced development for these schools are discussed.Accordingly,the countermeasures for the challenge are proposed as follows：School funds for compulsory education should be totally sponsored by the central government,supervised by the local county government,and used by schools;The nationwide standards for setting up the schools of compulsory education should be formulated,and all schools should achieve the standards within 8 to 10 years;Educational resources should be reasonably allocated to boost balanced development of schools;The salaries and allowance for the teachers in primary and secondary schools should be increased substantially,and extra allowance should be granted to the rural teachers with the strategies of ＂compensating for the work of the teachers in rural and tough areas ＂;The traditional administrative ways for teacher move should be altered,and high income for rural teachers can help form the reasonable move among teachers;The schools should be administrated within their jurisdictions to guarantee the principles in these schools really have the rights for managing the schools,funds and personnel independently.