“文例”问题的研究现状及思考

An Overview and Some Thoughts on the Study of Wenli

"文例"是古今训诂学家在古代文献训释过程中逐渐总结出的有关行文和表达方式的特殊体例。直至清末,对"文例"的探讨大多停留于笔记式的经验总结。俞樾的《古书疑义举例》开启了对"文例"问题的专门性探讨,此后随训诂学、语法学、修辞学的建立,《古书疑义举例》中的诸多术语被划入各学科体系之中,但呈交叉状态;现有的"文例"体系分类庞杂,逻辑构架欠清晰,且在现有体系下,大量"文例"仍无法归入其中。面对现状,可以从单个文例做起,综合历史上各个阶段和现有各学科的研究成果做通观式考量,以期在不远的将来寻找到研究该问题的新思路。

＂Wenli＂ are the special forms for writing and expressing that were summarized by scholiasts throughout the history in their explaining works of the Chinese ancient books and records.But late until the end of Qing dynasty,discussions were mainly summaries of notes taken by individual scholars.The book GuShu YiYi JuLi written by YuYue started the specific discussion on this topic,after which it has been developed separately in many subjects,such as the Study of Chinese Exegetics,Grammar and Rhetoric.The limitations of related researches by now include the complicated classification of the system,the ambiguity of theoretic structure,and the unclearness of its academic position,etc.Therefore,new approaches to exploring this topic are called in the future,to get which we might need to start from one particular ＂Wenli＂,and come to one＇s conclusion by collecting findings both from different periods and from all of the related contemporary subjects.