社会变迁中父亲职能的凸显:基于生态系统理论的分析

The Emphasis of Fatherhood in Social Change:Analysis Based on Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

长期以来父亲在亲职教育中一直处于被忽略地位,致使亲职教育等同于母职教育,然而在社会变迁中父亲的职能逐步凸显出来。布朗芬布伦纳的生态系统理论将影响个体发展的因素归为微观系统、中观系统、外观系统以及宏观系统。根据此理论,影响父亲职能凸显的因素主要存在于微观系统和宏观系统中,如宏观系统的妇女解放运动、工业化进程,它们使大量女性投入到劳动力市场,也使父亲回归家庭;微观系统中的家庭结构的变化、儿童的成长和发展对父亲的呼唤,使父亲的角色被重新定义,使越来越多的研究者意识到父亲角色的不可替代性,从而使父亲对孩子的抚养教育职能凸显出来。

That fathers are always being ignored in parent education makes parent education just mean mother education.However,with the process of social change,father's function is highlighted.Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory provides a framework to explain the reason why fatherhood in social change is emphasized.The theory includes four systems which are named microsystems,mesosystems,exosystems and macrosystems.In the light of this theory,the main factors which highlight fathers' function may be attributed to the microsystems and macrosystems.For example,in macrosystems,movements for women's liberation and industrialization process make lots of women engage in labor market and fathers come back home;in microsystems,the change of family structure,the growth and development of children appeal to fathers' involvement.All these make the role ol father lie redefined,and also make more and more researchers aware of the irreplaceable role of father so that fathers' function in raising and educating stands out.