中国古代女性医护者的被边缘化

On Marginalized Women Practicing Medicine in Ancient China

战国秦汉时期,产生了四部医典;唐宋时期,形成了正统医者体制。谙于医典医术、且通经博史的大医或儒医,成为了这一体制下的正统医者。这一体制的性别理论基础,是儒家的男女有别思想。在男性正统医者体制下,因理论水平不高,女性医护者被边缘化。但她们又因男女有别的另一层含义——男女身体的隔离——而有着广泛的生存空间。在中国古代,具有现代社会所认同的医术的女性医护者主要有四类:一是官府太医令属下的女医,二是女儒医,三是士人家族女医,四是下层女医及其他妇女健康护理者。

In the period of Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties,the four Chinese medical codes emerged.The orthodox doctor system was established in the period of Tang and Song Dynasties.Da Yi or Ru Yi who were familiar with the medical codes and proficient in medicine became the orthodox doctors under the system.The theoretical basis of the system was the doctrine of separate spheres (man;outer/women;inner).Women practicing medicine but with low theoretical level were marginalized under the system.However they still had vast living space because of the doctrine too.There were four major types of women practicing medicine in ancient China:1,Female doctors under the official system Tai Yi Ling.2,Female Ru Yi.3,Female doctors who were from families of scholars and officials.4,Lower female doctors and nurses..