哲学与经济学的双重演绎:黑格尔劳动哲学的逻辑嬗变

Dual Logic of Philosophy and Economics: Hegel′s Logical Transmutation of Labour Philosophy

黑格尔在不同时期对劳动分析的切入点是不同的:在图宾根时期,黑格尔把古希腊城邦共和国当做人类社会的黄金时期,把作为这个共和国基础的奴隶劳动看作为自由劳动;耶拿时期,随着经济学研究的深入,黑格尔放弃了原有的劳动崇拜的观点,以劳动对人与自然以及人与人的中介为视角,分析了劳动的人类学意义,批判了机器生产和现代社会的"劳动体系"对劳动者造成的危害;而在《精神现象学》中,则以个体为视角,阐述了劳动在现代主体诞生过程中的积极作用;最后在《法哲学原理》中从市民社会出发,集中阐述了抽象劳动带来的社会危害。黑格尔的劳动哲学实际上是以古典政治经济学为基础的,他虽然提出了具体劳动和抽象劳动的划分,但这与马克思的劳动二重性学说存在着本质差异。

In different periods, Hegel had diverse starting-points in analyzing labour. In Ttibingen, Hegel considered slavery labour as free activity. Then in Jena, with his research of economic development deepened, Hegel abandoned that idea, analyzed the anthropological meaning of labor and criticized the negative results brought by machines to workers. In his Phenomenology of Spirit, Hegel revealed the active role of labour in the formation of modem individual subject. Finally, based on civil society, he criticized the social damage caused by abstract labour in Elements of the Philosophy of Rights. To sum up, Hegel＇s labour philosophy was, in fact, based on classic political economics. Although he clarified the definition of ＂ concrete labour＂ and ＂ abstract labor＂, it was different in nature from Marx＇s theory on ＂two-fold character of labour＂.