海洋渔业转型路径的社会学分析

Research on China′s Marine Fishery Transition Pathway in Sociological Perspective

海洋渔业转型是国家和民众基于海洋资源环境压力而做出的一项理性选择。海洋渔业转型主要有四种路径:一是由捕捞向养殖转型,二是由粗放型养殖向生态型养殖转型,三是由传统渔业向休闲渔业转型,四是海洋渔民转产转业。在海洋渔业转型中,社会文化发挥着或潜在或显性的功能,就其效果而言,既有正功能也有负功能。从优化海洋渔业转型的政策思路而言,需要扭转单一的"国家视角"和"工程—技术"思路,建立民间社会的参与机制,注重地方性知识的挖掘,进而更好地促进海洋渔业转型。

Marine fisheries transition is a rational choice China and Chinese people made to alleviate the environmental burden on the country. There are four basic pathways of the transition currently： firstly, from fishing to farming ; secondly, from extensive farming to eco-farming thirdly, from traditional fishery to leisure fishery. In transition of marine fishery, social culture often plays a potential or dominant part, with both positive or and negative effect. In order to optimize the transition, policy makers need to steer away from the one-dimensional ＂state perspective＂ and ＂engineering-technology＂ idea, welcoming the participation of civil society, paying attention to local knowledge and field experience.