内生式乡村旅游发展中的行动者解读研究——以长沙市桃花岭村“农家乐”为例

Interpretation on Actors in the Development of Endogenous Rural Tourism: A Case Study of “Nongjiale” in Taohualing Village, Changsha

我国乡村旅游是以内生式发展模式为主,经过近20年的发展后,面临着众多困难,制约了乡村旅游的可持续发展。通过对长沙市桃花岭村乡村旅游发展进行个案研究,半结构访谈40名经营业者与管理者,应用行动者网络理论研究了乡村旅游行动者网络的变化。研究发现,在乡村旅游发展早期,农家乐经营者主导了乡村旅游的发展,但是随着各种行动者的介入,在发展方式、资源利用与保护、土地利用、乡村旅游管理等方面存在异议,整个行动者网络缺乏沟通,各主体缺乏对等意识,趋于僵化、丧失活力。只有既建立一个能够协调各个行动者,体现当地农户主导的有效基层组织,又得到政府提供政策、资金、管理的倾斜与支持,才可以解决当前乡村旅游面临的困境。

Endogenous development model was a common model in rural tourism in China, in which there were some difficulties after 20-year development affecting the sustainable development of rural tourism. This paper used a ease study to the rural tourism development of Taohualing Village, Changsha, semi-investigated 40 operators and managers, found that operators of rural tourism directed the development in the early of rural tourism, and there existed differences with development model, resource use and protect, land use, tourism management etc, with the entry of different actors. The actor network lacks communication, and equal consciousness of actors, characterized with rigidity and no vigor. And it was necessary to build effective a basic organization directed by farmers to coordinate actors＇ benefits, and required policies, money, management provided by government.